Racism and video games Essay

Computer games are not what the vast majority would go to when they consider racial debate, however every media medium has had their own type of contention one that happened most as of late was the arrival of a game called Resident Evil 5 which is based on a person named Chris Redfield who is fundamentally in a FBI like gathering revolved around executing zombies. As you may have visitor this isn't the first in the arrangement of the game the arrangement has been around for around 15 years and has had been set in a wide range of nations and such executed numerous an alternate zombies. The makers needed to set this specific game in Africa when the trailer was discharged the was a bigotry guarantee against the game on the grounds that Chris is white person circumventing murdering dark zombies it was so terrible the game discharge date was pushed sponsored and slight changes were made Chris was given a dark side kick named Sheva Alomar. The second trailer for the game, discharged on May 31, 2008, uncovered an all the more racially assorted gathering of adversaries, just as Sheva, a BSAA operator who helps the hero. Notwithstanding, fashioner Jun Takeuchi denied that grumblings about bigotry had any impact in modifying the plan of Resident Evil 5. Takeuchi remarked that the game’s makers were amazed by the debate. In a meeting with MTV, he clarified that Capcom’s staff is racially assorted, and recognized that different societies may have had various suppositions on the trailer. In a meeting with Computer and Video Games, maker Masachika Kawata additionally remarked on the issue, expressing, â€Å"We can’t please everybody. We’re in the amusement business †we’re not here to express our political assessment or anything like that. It’s shocking that a few people felt that way. † Well actually as an individual of African American tolerable while me by and by isn't insulted I can see where a few people can be fairly outraged yet it’s set in Africa what sort of zombies do you think Chris is going slaughter. There just zombies not treatments and he isn't going around assaulting and lynching individuals. I for one think the extent that computer game African Americans are pretty much emblematically destroyed instead of computer games having supremacist propensities toward us as a race of individuals. What's more, what I mean by that is you don’t truly observe that many individuals of color in computer game as principle characters. There are a couple, Cj from Grand robbery Auto 3 San Andreas Is one that strikes a chord however his game is brimming with generalizations about the â€Å"Hood† And I’m not going to stay here and lie I played this game and delighted in it back in center school. As far I know there are just a couple genuinely indeed bigot games one them being Custer’s Revenge In the game, the player controls the character of General George Armstrong Custer, portrayed as a man wearing only a mounted force cap, boots, and a handkerchief, brandishing a noticeable erection. Custer needs to conquer bolt assaults to arrive at the opposite side of the screen. He will probably engage in sexual relations with a stripped, enormous breasted Native American lady named Revenge. (Furthermore, Yes This Game Dose Exist yet it was discharged back on the Atari 2600 in the 80’s here a wikiapiea connect http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Custer’s_Revenge ) Even with this game it’s was not authorized by Atari and nor did Atari have anything to do with its creation. The computer game medium has become an extremely enormous piece of media and I don't feel that anybody in their correct brain would even consider discharging anything racially hostile to anybody on the off chance that they need to continue making the multimillions that they keep on making. As I expressed before I would state that computer game would almost certain be a possibility for social destruction more whatever else I might want to progressively individuals of color in computer games killing it thus far we have a couple however not as much as I might want well I surmise it’s only to a greater degree an individual inclination than everything else.

Sleep Deprivation1 Essay Example For Students

Rest Deprivation1 Essay Young people develop increasingly more occupied continuously. Sadly, this implies less and less rest. Lack of sleep can cause numerous genuine negative reactions to young people previously harried lives. These symptoms can go from such basic issues as tiredness during the day to progressively significant issues, for example, cerebral pains, to the most extraordinary impact of alldeath. Misdiagnosed or undiscovered, lack of sleep is probably the hardest issue to recognize. Honestly, the best way to address it is by continually getting adequate rest, however the earth wherein a pre-adult exists regularly makes to mission for adequate rest inconceivable. Adequate rest is characterized as the sum important to allow ideal daytime working. (Dahl, 1) Some examinations propose youths need in any event eight hours of successive rest, however many show that 9.2 long periods of rest is genuinely required. In any case, the normal young person just dozes around six hours on some random weeknight. What's more, understudies at non-public schools commonly rest even less. A few understudies in upper level courses who are likewise engaged with numerous extracurricular exercises rest as meager as two hours per night commonly during the week, if by any means. (Sinnott) Private school understudies are getting ready for the school world, however not even school requests just two hours of rest for every night. Lack of sleep impactsly affects a young people life. These effects are commonly depicted in four classifications: drowsiness; tiredness; negative consequences for state of mind, consideration, and conduct; and misrepresented effect on issues, both genuinely and typically. These classifications are just the principal layer of an amazingly mind boggling jumble, a turmoil wherein it is hard to recognize activities, responses, and causes. The principal class, sluggishness, is frequently credited with brief mental slips by in which an understudy in school gives off an impression of being conscious, yet really is intellectually sleeping, likewise know as staring off into space. Languor can really advance to the subsequent stage, where the understudy may really, genuinely fall rest. These microsleeps (Freyer, 2) decline an understudies school execution, yet can prompt engine vehicle mishaps. It is evaluated that in excess of 200,000 engine vehicle mishaps that happen every year are brought about by or are identified with sleepy drivers in the driver's seat. Drowsiness additionally makes troubles in getting up on schedule, which further shows clashes with guardians and educators. (Nodding off in class doesn't by and large charm understudies to their educators.) The subsequent class, tiredness, is an inclination of exhaustion or diminished inspiration. Tiredness makes repetitive errands progressively hard to achieve and even start. The more restless an understudy, the less propelled (s)he becomes. Tiredness is less apparent while performing energizing fiery, fun exercises, however on the other hand it is incredibly clear in errands considered exhausting or dreary. Tiredness is most tricky when endeavoring long haul objectives, for example, perusing or contemplating uninteresting subjects, when there isn't a quick outcome, for example, a test, close by. In these cases, inspiration, isn't just diminished, however regularly, essentially, doesn't exist. The third class includes the effect the absence of rest can have on the capacity to control consideration, state of mind, and conduct. By and large, adolescents are now ill humored and effortlessly baffled because of the adjustments in hormone levels because of pubescence. Add absence of rest to that condition and a similar young person may appear to be excessively energized, incautious, or senseless. They additionally may lose control, damaging, or oppressive. Or on the other hand they might be fantastically absent minded, detached and pulled back, or excessively passionate. Fundamentally, responses differ from young person to youngster, yet one steady is that the more restless an adolescent turns into the more probable s(he) is to be at chances with instructors or guardians. This prompts the fourth classification: effect of lack of sleep on issues of adolescents, for example, those brought about by life or family. .uce0c4befc1785fe6863dcd48db8118bb , .uce0c4befc1785fe6863dcd48db8118bb .postImageUrl , .uce0c4befc1785fe6863dcd48db8118bb .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .uce0c4befc1785fe6863dcd48db8118bb , .uce0c4befc1785fe6863dcd48db8118bb:hover , .uce0c4befc1785fe6863dcd48db8118bb:visited , .uce0c4befc1785fe6863dcd48db8118bb:active { border:0!important; } .uce0c4befc1785fe6863dcd48db8118bb .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uce0c4befc1785fe6863dcd48db8118bb { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uce0c4befc1785fe6863dcd48db8118bb:active , .uce0c4befc1785fe6863dcd48db8118bb:hover { murkiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uce0c4befc1785fe6863dcd48db8118bb .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .uce0c4befc1785fe6863dcd48db8118bb .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enhancement: underline; } .uce0c4befc1785fe6863dcd48db8118bb .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uce0c4befc1785fe6863dcd48db8118bb .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .uce0c4befc1785fe6863dcd48db8118bb:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uce0c4befc1785fe6 863dcd48db8118bb .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uce0c4befc1785fe6863dcd48db8118bb-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uce0c4befc1785fe6863dcd48db8118bb:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Yahoo! Article Emotional issues can make troubles in getting the chance to rest and waking on schedule, which prompts clashes. The effect from these contentions is more prominent in view of the absence of rest. For instance, whenever confronted with a disappointing errand, a restless youngster is bound to lose control or forceful. What's more, with the additional social weights on young people todaysuch as medications, viciousness, separate, peer pressurethe probability of outrage increments exponentially. With the separation rate developing in this nation adolescents are suffering more prominent family .

Blog Archive Managing the MBA Interview View Each Story Through a Different Lens

Blog Archive Managing the MBA Interview View Each Story Through a Different Lens With the release of first-round interview invitations and the subsequent increase in pressure on MBA candidates, we present a five-part series with our friends at Vault to help applicants decompress and thoughtfully manage the MBA interview process. In this fourth entry in the series, mbaMission founder Jeremy Shinewald explains how to “spin” your stories to fit different interview questions. Many MBA candidates try to memorize their interview responses in advance and unsurprisingly find themselves fumbling as they struggle to adapt to slightly different iterations of expected questions. We absolutely do not recommend memorizing responses, but instead suggest that you develop a mental list of stories that you feel are important for you to tell and then work to incorporate your strongest stories/strengths into your interview. If, for example, your experience as a youth soccer coach is an important story for you, you could work it into the interview as an example of leadership, teamwork, etc. when such a question is asked or these topics are raised. Your stories are far more flexible than you might realize and can be “spun” if need be. Think of five to six key points (activities, personality traits, etc.) you absolutely want to be sure you get across during the interview. Then think about possible questions to which you can “hook” those points. For example, if you spend one afternoon a week tutoring inmates for their GED, potential “hook” questions for this activity could be as follows: Tell me about a time when you demonstrated initiative. Example: “I wanted to make a difference but wanted to move beyond just helping high school students. So I researched where in my area the biggest need was and found a program that brings volunteers to prisons to … .” Tell me about a time when you went above and beyond. Example: “For the past few years, I have been engaged in some meaningful serviceâ€"teaching GED prep in a local prison. I was surprised to find that inmates were only allowed to attend one hour of extra tutoring per week. Recognizing that my students needed additional help, I devoted extensive time and effort to develop a series of math and vocabulary flash cards for them to use in between sessions. My additional efforts showed them that I truly was committed to their success. Further, the students found them to be extremely helpfulâ€"all five of them passed the GED that year!” Tell me about a time when you had to motivate a reluctant person. Example: “My best example I believe occurred outside the office, as part of my volunteer work with inmates studying for their GED. Although most of the inmates I tutor are very motivated, once in a while I work with someone who … .” We must clarify, however, that we are not suggesting that you answer four different questions with the same story, but are merely attempting to illustrate how one important story can be “flexible.” By selecting several key personal stories and examining them from several angles before your interview, you can better ensure that you will find a way to share them during your interview. Share ThisTweet Managing the MBA Interview

Everyday Use by Alice Walker - 825 Words

Everyday Use Heritage is what we receive from those that came before us. A person can learn about heritage through formal education; however, true heritage is passed down from generation through the stories, pictures, and other memorabilia that our parents and grandparents hold dear to their hearts. In the short story, Everyday Use, Alice Walker teaches us lessons on true inheritance; what it is and who can receive it. Two hand stitched quilts become the center of conflict in the story. They are also used to symbolize the true inheritance. Like a quilt, a persons world view is made up of events, circumstances and influences that shape how they see and respond to the world. Everyday Use is a story of two worlds in conflict. Mama, acting as the narrator, guides us through the interaction of the two very different worlds embodied in her daughters. How can two young women from the same rich inheritance of family, history and community be so different? Although the women are by no means rich according to the standard of the world, there are no hints of want in the circumstances that shape their lives. The source of conflict arises from within Dee. Whatever her family has to offer her is never enough. Dee, the eldest daughter, has ventured from the rural world she grew up in but never felt a part of. The story is set in the context of her returning home for the first time since she left for college. Maggie the younger daughter has never left home. Maggies quiet backwardShow MoreRelatedEveryday Use By Alice Walker852 Words   |  4 Pagescomes or belongs to one by reason of birth. In â€Å"Everyday Use†, by Alice Walker, the theme of the story can be considered as the meaning of heritage or even the power of education. Alice Walker uses many symbols and motifs such as the following: quilts, education, knowledge, Asalamalakim, and the renaming of Dee. In the story, African heritage and knowledge takes a major role. The African heritage plays a major role in the story, â€Å"Everyday Use†. Alice Walker emphasizes the meaning of heritage by havingRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1372 Words   |  6 PagesEverday Use† research paper In â€Å"everyday Use,† Alice Walker tells a narrative of a mother’s frustrating relationship together with her two daughters. At this facet, â€Å",Everyday Use†, tells that how a mom little by little refuses the cursory values of her older, successful daughter at the aspect of the useful values of her younger, much less lucky daughter. On a deeper outlook, Alice Walker takes on the theme of heritage and its norms as it applies to African-Americans. Everday Use, is set insideRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1102 Words   |  5 Pagespoem â€Å"Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers† can be read similar to Alice Walker s short story Everyday Use† both are compared by the women’s ways of showing their strengths and how they identify their values, expressions and strength. Advertised in the general outlines of the plot, both literary themes talks of a quest for freedom, the characters identity and self-expression. Adrienne Rich â€Å"Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers† Alice Walker â€Å"Everyday Use† Comparison Paper Analyzing the two types of literatureRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1372 Words   |  6 Pagessociety as a whole, but more specifically in the African American Community. Alice Walker gives slight insight into   what being forced   to assimilate is like. She says in her short story Everyday Use: She will stand hopelessly in corners homely and ashamed of the burn scars down her arms and legs eyeing her sister with a mixture of envy and awe. Statements such as these are a regular occurrence in her works. Walker often speaks on the ever so disheartening topic of cultural assimilation and theRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker996 Words   |  4 PagesIn the short story â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker, the author describes different ideas about one’s heritage. Culture and heritage is at the main point of the story â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker as symbolized by the quilt. The bond that Mother and Maggie share is brought by their common talent to make works of art like quilts. Dee does not have similar capacity because she does not appreciate manual labor nor believes in her heritage. The idea of pride in culture, heritage, and family is the mainRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1721 Words   |  7 PagesIn her short story â€Å"Everyday Use,† Alice Walker summarizes the representation of the beauty, the conflicts and struggles within African-American culture. â€Å"Everyday Use† focuses mainly between members of the Johnson family, consisting of a mother and her two daughters. One of the daughters Maggie, who was injured in a house fire and has living a shy life clinging to her mother for security. Her older sister is Dee, who grew up with a grace and natural beauty. â€Å"Dee is lighter than Maggie, with nicerRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1655 Words   |  7 PagesIn â€Å"everyday Use,† Alice Walker tells a narrative of a mother’s frustrating relationship together with her two dau ghters. At this facet, â€Å",Everyday Use†, tells that how a mom little by little refuses the cursory values of her older, successful daughter at the aspect of the useful values of her younger, much less lucky daughter. On a deeper outlook, Alice Walker takes on the theme of heritage and its norms as it applies to African-Americans. Everday Use, is set inside the late ,60s or mid ,70sRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1735 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker and â€Å"Brownies† by ZZ Packer are two different short stories with different lessons but both talk about the topic of race. Both stories talks about the time in the 20th century when slavery just ended but racism are still active between African Americans and Caucasians. Walker described a story about a single African American mother who is waiting for her daughter to arrive from college. Packer described a story about these African American fourth graders who are inRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1111 Words   |  5 Pagestheir culture. Alice Walker highlights and distinguishes the dissimilarities and clichà © of country African American women with the actualities that make up their lives. Characterized by short, compound sentences, with long adjectives and use of literary elements, her style is eloquent co nversational and authentic. Alice Walker’s short story, Everyday Use is stylistic, ironic and narrates profound interpretation of unique views and approaches to African-American culture. Walker’s use of characterizationRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1725 Words   |  7 Pages17 April 2017 Everything is Not What it Seems Sometimes people forget that heritage has to do with truly understanding their past. Many often misrepresent it, especially the younger generations who just accept its presence. Alice Walker’s short story, â€Å"Everyday Use,† revolves around an African American family that consists of three women, who are very different from each other. The story begins with Maggie and Mama waiting in the yard for Dee, the main character, to visit from Augusta. Dee is

Breastfeeding or Oral Sucrose Solution Free Essay Example, 500 words

ï » ¿ Breastfeeding or Oral Sucrose Solution Introduction The pain is the presence of mild, annoying or extremely severe feeling triggered in the nervous system. The individual may experience pain in a particular region of the body or he may suffer from whole body ache. The unpleasant feeling of pain implies that our body requires attention and may indicate medical problem that needs treatment. This sensation is very important to take care of our body and for our well being. Thus, pain is a crucial component of our body’s defense mechanism and prevents further damage to the body. Pain causes both physical and psychological disturbances. Pain perceived by each individual is different, therefore can be referred as subjective sensation. Pain sensation plays an important role in early warning to safeguard interests of our body as well as assist in repair mechanisms. Neonates are not able to express their pain effectively since they are not able to talk. Therefore, it becomes difficult to assess and manage the pain in neonates. The safet y and efficacy of pain management techniques is always worrisome issue for the health care professionals who care for neonates and parents of newborns (preterm to 1 month of age). We will write a custom essay sample on Breastfeeding or Oral Sucrose Solution or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now For the pain assessment in interm and preterm neonates, the diverse ranges of validated and trustworthy pain measures are available. The behavioral pain symptoms include facial expression, body movements, crying etc. and physiological signs of pain include changes in heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation etc. The composite measures include the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP), CRIES, and Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS). The PIPP includes facial expressions and physiological indicators. In CRIES assessment technique, Crying, the Requirement for oxygen supplementation (for SaO2 >95%), Increase in heart rate and blood pressure, facial Expression and Sleeplessness is monitored. In NIPS scale, the movements of arms and legs, and state of arousal are also additionally monitored in neonates (American Academy Of Pediatrics, 2000). Brief summaries There are multimodal approaches available which might help to relieve pain to produce adequate, reliable and satisfactory therapy in neonates. Breastfeeding or oral sucrose solution in term neonates receiving heel lances Heel lance is a painful diagnostic test for neonatal screening using automated piercing device to detect specific congenital disorders. The analgesic effect of breastfeeding and orally administered sucrose solution (1 ml of 25% sucrose solution) was studied during blood sampling through heel lance in open-label, randomized, controlled trial at a neonatal unit. Median Premature Infant Pain Profile scores were lower in the breastfeeding group (3.0) than in the sucrose-solution group (8.5), and the median group difference was –5.0. The median heart rate increase, oxygen saturation decrease, and duration of first cry for the breastfeeding group were, respectively, 13.0, –1, and 3 and for sucrose group were 22, –3, and 21. Medians were significantly different between the groups. There were no significant differences in the sampling duration and numbers of heel lances. It has been reported that during acute pain rating scale of the Premature Infant Pain Profile, the b reastfeeding group scores are less (3.0) than in the sucrose-solution group (8.5), with median group difference was –5.0. The increase in median heart rate, decrease oxygen saturation and duration of first cry for breastfeeding neonates 13.0, –1, and 3 and for sucrose therapy individuals were 22, –3, and 21 respectively. It has been concluded that for pain resulting from heel lance, the breastfeeding has great pain reduction power than oral sucrose therapy in term neonates (Codipietro, Ceccarelli, & Ponzone, 2008). Skin to skin contact is analgesic in healthy newborns The effect of skin-to-skin contact between mothers and their healthy newborns in terms of pain reduction during heel lance is evaluated. It has been found that crying and grimacing were reduced by 82% and 65%, respectively in skin contact intervention technique than control infants (swaddled in crib). Also, decrease in the heart rate was observed in skin contact intervention technique. Therefore, it has been concluded that skin to skin contact intervention technique has analgesic in healthy newborns (Gray, Watt, & Blass, 2000). The role of endogenous opioids in mediating pain reduction by orally administered glucose among newborns It has been suggested that the administration of sweet-tasting solutions like glucose before any painful procedure alleviates pain in newborns due to activation of endogenous opioids. To evaluate this mechanism the effect of intravenous administration of opioid antagonist (naloxone hydrochloride 0.01 mg/kg) was studied in randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blind trials undergoing heel stick. In control group saline solution was administered as placebo. Pain scores on Premature Infant Pain Profile and heart rate were same. The median crying time during the first 3 minutes was 14 seconds (range: 0–174 seconds) for the naloxone group and 105 seconds (range: 0–175 seconds) for the placebo group. It was concluded that opioid antagonist is not responsible for decrease in analgesic activity of glucose solution in newborns (Gradin & Schollin, 2005). Pain reduction at venipuncture in newborns: oral glucose compared with local anesthetic cream It has been suggested that the local anesthetic application of EMLA cream is safe and effective in neonates. The analgesic effect of EMLA cream and orally administered sucrose solution (1 ml of 25% sucrose solution) was studied during venipuncture in newborns in randomized, controlled double-blind trial at a neonatal unit. It was investigated that premature Infant Pain Profile scores were less in the glucose group 19.3% (mean: 4.6) compared with the EMLA group 41.7% (mean: 5.7). The median crying time during the first 3 minutes was 1 second than in the EMLA group where observed median was 18 seconds. Therefore, it was concluded that the pain associated with venipuncture in newborns is considerably reduced with orally administered glucose than the local anesthetic cream EMLA. Conclusion There is always a great concern about the safety and efficacy of pain management techniques in neonates. There are multimodal approaches available which might help to relieve pain to produce adequate, reliable and satisfactory therapy in neonates. The pain resulting from heel lance, the breastfeeding has great pain reduction power than oral sucrose therapy in term neonates. The skin to skin Contact intervention technique has analgesic in Healthy newborns. The opioid antagonist is not responsible for decrease in analgesic activity of glucose solution in newborns. The pain associated with venipuncture in newborns is considerably reduced with orally administered glucose than the local anesthetic cream EMLA. References American Academy Of Pediatrics (2000). Prevention And Management Of Pain And Stress In The Neonate. Pediatrics, 105(2), 454 – 461. Codipietro, L., Ceccarelli, M., Ponzone, A. (2008). Breastfeeding or Oral Sucrose Solution in Term Neonates Receiving Heel Lance: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Pediatrics, 122, e716-e721 Gray, L., Watt, L., Blass, E. M. (2000). Skin-to-skin contact is analgesic in healthy newborns. Pediatrics, 105 (1), e14 Gradin, M. and Schollin, J. (2005). The Role of Endogenous Opioids in Mediating Pain Reduction by Orally Administered Glucose Among Newborns. Pediatrics, 115(4), 1004 – 1007. Gradin, M., Eriksson, M., Holmqvist, G., Holstein, A., Schollin, J. Pain reduction at venipuncture in newborns: oral glucose compared with local anesthetic cream. Pediatrics, 110(6), 1053 – 1057.

Social And Social Identity Theory - 1860 Words

Originally proposed by Tajfel and Turner, the Social Identity Theory (SIT) can be described as the comparison between the individual self and the social self. More specifically, it is the individual’s perception that is derived from their membership of a social group (ingroups and outgroups) or personal identities. The theory is divided into three different psychological mechanisms: social categorization, social comparison, and the tendency for people to use the group membership as a source to gain self-esteem. A theory is defined as a theory as long as it meets the two requirements: describing behaviors and the ability to describe/see the future behaviors of individuals. Since the behaviors of individuals can be based on the social†¦show more content†¦Individuals tend to over exaggerate the differences between the outgroups and outgroups, while they exaggerate the similarities between the ingroups. The Social Identity Theory demonstrates reliability in that it provi des an explanation for intergroup behaviors such as stereotypes. The theory is demonstrated within the study of Sherif et al (1954). The study was carried out in order to observe the creation of groups, attitudes, and the norms of the groups through group activities. Sherif intended to observe the reactions and attitudes between the individuals when there are two separate groups (realistic conflict theory). The researchers had 22 boys with similar backgrounds and boys in the age group of 11-12 years old. Boys were divided into two separate groups before the experiment began and the researchers used single-blind study in that the boys did not realize that they were participating in an experiment; the boys were there to attend a summer camp. The two groups were divided and each group participated in team bonding activities and the boys had created their distinctive identity as members of the Eagles or members of the Rattlers. Researchers created a game in which only one group benefite d in order to create conflict between the two groups. Unlike the decent start in the beginning, the members of each group portrayedShow MoreRelatedIdentity Theory And Social Identity1228 Words   |  5 PagesIdentity theory traces its root in the writing of G.H Mead, the American philosopher, sociologist and psychologist who says that the image or the feeling that a person creates for him or herself in a particular society is the result of other’s vision, which is created daily and is subjected to change. Richard Jinkens, the sociologist describes that social identity means who we are and who the others are and on the other hand what the other thinks about themselves and others. Further, Mead elaboratesRead MoreSocial Identity Theory861 Words   |  3 PagesSocial identity theory, it is a person’s sense that is based around the group they are in, either by their personal identity or with different kinds of social identities. That is, people will try to improve their own image of themselves. The theory was proposed by Henri Tajfel. People can increase their self-esteem by both their own achievement and interaction with a successful group of people. This shows the importance of social belonging. This theory is based around three mental processes, socialRead MoreSocial Identity Theory1399 Words   |  6 PagesSocial  identity  theory  is a  theory  which is intended to explain how people develop a sense of belonging and membership in particular groups, and how the workings of intergroup  discrimination  work. Social identity  theory  plays an important role in the study of  social psychology. To some degree, everyone is influenced by social identity theory. Social Identity Theory tries to explain such intergroup discrimination in the real world as well as in the circumstance of the minimal groups. The theoryRead MoreSocial Identity Theory And Social Interaction Theory Essay1907 Words   |  8 PagesSocial Identity Theory In 1979, Tajfel and Turner are recognized for the development of social identity theory (SIT) (Tajfel Turner, 1979). Through earlier studies, Tajfel attempted to understand mechanisms that lead to group members to discriminate against non-group members, which lead to evolution of SIT (Hogg, van Knippenberg, Rast, 2012). The Tajfel and Turner developed SIT with the purpose of understanding social group discrimination (Tajfel Turner, 1979). SIT is based on three concepts:Read MoreSocial Conflict Theory : Social Identity Theory And Conflict1410 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Identity Theory and Conflict Theoretically significant to conflict is social identity theory. It allows â€Å"predictions to incorporate who is likely to perceive and act in group terms, to remain committed to the group in times of crisis† Turner (1999), Doosje Ellemers, (1999). Bar-Tal stresses conflict exists when an incompatible goal exists between two groups. The question of when incompatibility sets become important in understanding the cause of inter-ethnic or communal conflicts for instanceRead MoreAssignment On Social Identity Theory Essay1158 Words   |  5 Pages TATA INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES MUMBAI GROUP WORK ASSIGNMENT ON SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY Submitted to: Professor Vijay Raman Enrollment No.: M2015CF026 SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY The Social Identity Theory was developed by Tajfel and Turner in 1979. The theory was originally developed to understand the psychological basis of intergroup discrimination. Tajfel in 1971 attempted to identify the  minimal  conditions that would lead members of one group to discriminate in favour of the in groupRead MoreLimitations Of Social Identity Theory1673 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Social identity theory proposed by Tajfel Turner (2004) is a theory of group membership and behaviour which has made significant contributions in explaining in-group favouritism, out-group denigration, competition and other interactions of an individual among social groups (Korte, 2007; Brown, 2000; Tajfel Turner, 2004). Social identity theory can be defined as an individual’s sense of who they are based on the group that they belong to through a process of self-categorisation andRead MoreOutline Of Social Identity Theory1278 Words   |  6 PagesOutline social identity theory and with reference to recent research critically evaluate the strategies individuals or groups might use to achieve a positive social identity. Social Identity Theory (SIT) is a relational term, defining who we are as a function of our similarities and differences with others. It is shared with others and provides a basis for shared social action and the meanings associated with any social identity are products of our collective history and present. Therefore Social identityRead MoreNotes On Social Identity Theory1191 Words   |  5 PagesContextualizing BIRG: Social Identity Theory SIT (Tajfel et al., 1971; Tajfel Turner, 1979) has been explained briefly in the Introduction, which provided an overview on the nature of its construction (Galang et al., 2015) and its implications on ingroup inclusion, intergroup behavior, and self-esteem (Brewer Yuki, 2007). This theory is further discussed here, particularly its conception of group identification and esteem, to give context to BIRG and the framework of analysis that will be usedRead MoreConsequences of Social Categorization and Social Identity Theories1929 Words   |  8 Pages Consequences of Social Categorization and Social Identity Theories Vernon Smith BA426 Managing Cultural Diversity vsmith003@regis.edu Consequences of Social Categorization and Social Identity Theories Introduction In the modern world, workforce diversity has developed to be among the most imperative elements. Many organizations including Apple Inc. and all over the world have employed diversity managers to help develop effective workforce diversification (Podsiadlowski et al., 2013). The

Perversion Essay Example For Students

Perversion Essay Dermott OFlanaganSexual Ethics PaperThe issues of sexual ethics in relation to morality and perversion have been addressed in depth by each of the gentleman at this table. Sexual activity as described by Solomon and Nagle is comprised of a moral standard and naturalness aspect. So, in claiming an act is perverted we must first examine it through a moral framework and understand how this interacts with the naturalness of a particular act. Solomon makes the distinction as follows Perversion is an insidious conceptTo describe an activity as perverse is not yet a full blown moral condemnation, for it need not entail that one ought not to indulge in such activities. Along with the examination of the nature of an act, there must be clear justification as to why sexual acts deserve special separate ethical principles. The question arises: does an act simply due to its sexual nature deserve a separate form of moral inquisition than other acts that occur in nature? In this essay I shall argue that perversion and immorality are not mutually exclusive. By this I mean that a sexual act that is, by my definition, immoral must also be perverted. It is also my contention that if an act is perverted we must also define it as immoral. This second part of the argument is contrary to what many of you have claimed. At the outset of this paper I would also like to state my support of Thomas Nagels argument holding that the connection between sex and reproduction has no bearing on sexual perversion. (Nagel 105)I will begin first with the idea that sexual behavior should not be granted its own moral code. Sexual ethics only makes sense if sexuality plays a unique role in human life. If procreation has significance precisely because it is a contribution to Gods ongoing work of creation, sexuality is supremely important and must be governed by restrictive rules, which would therefore prohibit sexual acts that are not for procreative purposes. This justification of sexuality as a unique aspect of human life, however, is dependent on a theological claim that there exists a God who micro manages the sexual lives of individuals. Without the presence of such a God, there can exist no separate restrictive rules on the nature of sexual acts. Even if we grant that there is a God, most people will agree that sex is more often used as a way to intensify the bond between two people and therefor sex is the ultimate trust and intimacy that you can share with a person. The church defines perverse acts as sexual behaviors that are not both unitive and procreative. This theological argument exemplifies a profound disregard for the realities of human life. Our starting point will be that human sexuality has its own natural purposes, its own nature, apart from any further purposes attributed to our creator, and apart from any biological function of increasing the numbers of an already too numerous natural kind. (Solomon 271) In a similar light to Solomon, I feel the church is unju stified in claiming that acts are perverted if they are contrary to the churches teachings which are founded on the natural law, illuminated and enriched by divine revelation. (Pope Paul VI 168) Not only does this claim not qualify as an argument from reason, it is simultaneously unenlightening to those who do not believe in God the Creator. In Kants essay Duties Towards the Body in Respect of Sexual Impulse he supports the opinion that sexual love by itself is nothing more than an appetite it is a degradation of human nature; for as soon as a person becomes an object of appetite for another, all motives of moral relationship cease to function. In believe that this conclusion is not necessarily valid and that the use of sexual activity for moral purposes and desire fulfillment is a maxim that can be universalized. Sexual pleasure is a sought after result of sex as it fulfills basic needs of touch and intimacy (Nozick). In some sense Kant is right that when sexual love is combined wi th human love the experience is more fulfilling to both individuals but this is not necessarily lead to a conclusion that without the bond of human love sex is perverse. I do agree with Kant that sexual relations are in fact a part of a human appetite. A sexual perversion according to Nagel must reveal itself in conduct that expresses an unnatural sexual preference. (Nagel 105) Sexual desire however is simply one of the appetites that the majority of animals possess. As such I contend that the significance of sexual activity is little different from the need to satisfy other desires that we encounter including Mills higher and lower desires. Since humans and animals share the same lower level desires for food, shelter and sex, no separate human sexual ethical values should be conceived. Behaviors such as eating and breathing all arise from the needs of the body. The desire for sexual pleasure is little different from the desire for food; sexual behavior is to be constrained by moral principles that apply to behavior in general. The ethics of sex is no more important than the ethics of anything else. An appetite is identified as sexual by means of the organs and erogenous zones in which its satisfaction can be to some extent localiz ed, and the special sensory pleasures that form the core of the satisfaction. (Nagel 106) Therefore any act that produces sexual pleasure can not be called unnatural. We can use our sexuality in creative, consensual, safe, and loving ways, or in destructive, coercive, unsafe, and unloving ones. If it is creative, consensual, safe, and loving, then it is moral. If it is destructive, coercive, unsafe, or unloving, then it is immoral. Most counter arguments against sex as an appetite arise from the idea that sexual relations are a special form of bonding and interaction. Although society seems to have endorsed this claim, and as such looks disrespectfully on those with numerous sexual partners, it is a cultural creation with no moral basis. In an analysis of sexual behavior it is difficult to separate the emotional bond from the physical act. One view holds that sex should be separated from love and affection. Sex is basically an intensive, exciting sensuous activity that can be enjoye d in a variety of suitable settings with a variety of suitable partners. The situation in regard to sexual pleasure is no different from that of the person who knows and appreciates fine food. (Wasserstrom 163) All morality deals with is the act or intention of the act and as such this unique bond that appears to be created through a sexual relationship is irrelevant to the morality of sexual behavior. Holy Trinity and Trimurti EssayHomosexual relations are no more or less open to being perverted than heterosexual sexual activity. Indeed the Golden Rule as I have interpreted it for matters of sexual activity clearly show that the sole fact that the sex is non-procreative is not a signal of perversion. Homosexual actions are not moral or immoral, natural or unnatural based on their sexual nature, rather this judgement is based on the consent and pleasure that arise from the activity. As long as the sexual activity is an expression of trust and intimacy it is not perverted or immoral. The case of incest, that was described, is again an example, of how as long as the act is consented by rational beings capable of making autonomous decisions it may not be scrutinized as perverted. If the two agents the 45 year old woman and 22 year old son believe that their activity is an expression of their intimacy we can not condemn it due to social perceptions or the ugh factor that it evokes in us. The act of incest does not violate any human rights and as such is not a matter of concern in the realm of perversion. Adultery, in my view, violates both the Golden Rule and some basic human rights. I think that adultery is a clear violation of the Kantian maxim that we can not deceive. In Wasserstroms work on adultery he states the immortality of adultery focuses on the connection between adultery and deception. According to this argument, adultery involves deception. And because deception is wrong, so is adultery. (Wasserstrom 160) This very Kantian formulation of a maxim makes it seemingly impossible to find a moral justification of adultery. Even passive adultery is a form of deception and as such commits the non-adulterating partner to a false relationship. It is unreasonable to think that simply not knowing of the offence is a defense against perversion. As it is impossible to universalize the maxim that we all have adultery committed in relationships in which we are inv olved adultery is a very serious form of perversion and consequently is immoral. In conclusion I will turn to Freuds appeal that sexual ethics is the core of moral personality: how we perceive and behave toward sexual partners both influences and is a mirror image of how we perceive and interact with people more generally. Freud claims that sexual desire is simply an appetite that needs to be quenched through any means. Further, a fuller knowledge of sexual practices provides a more complete foundation for actingmorally or immorallyin the world. However the failure to learn to control the pursuit of sexual pleasure undermines the achievement of a virtuous character and leads to acts that are perverted and immoral (Soble). In this way the exploration of various sexual activities is a learning curve that all humans should explore. The avoidance of perverse actions can be achieved through the application of the Golden Rule in association with the consent of a rational being; these are the preconditions required for sexual activity to be natural and moral. Works Consulted Outside of Class Resources:Nozick, Robert. Sexualityhttp://faculty.uccb.ns.ca/philosophy/205/nozick.htmSoble, Alan. Philosophy of Sexualityhttp://www.utm.edu/research/iep/s/sexuality.htm

Ericksons Stages of Development Essay Example

Ericksons Stages of Development Essay Psychosocial Stage 1 Trust vs. Mistrust †¢ The first stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development occurs between birth and one year of age and is the most fundamental stage in life. 2 †¢ Because an infant is utterly dependent, the development of trust is based on the dependability and quality of the child’s caregivers. †¢ If a child successfully develops trust, he or she will feel safe and secure in the world. Caregivers who are inconsistent, emotionally unavailable, or rejecting contribute to feelings of mistrust in the children they care for. Failure to develop trust will result in fear and a belief that the world is inconsistent and unpredictable. Psychosocial Stage 2 Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt †¢ The second stage of Eriksons theory of psychosocial development takes place during early childhood and is focused on children developing a greater sense of personal control. 2 †¢ Like Freud, Erikson believed that toilet training was a vital part of this process. However, Eriksons reasoning was quite different then that of Freuds. Erikson believe that learning to control one’s body functions leads to a feeling of control and a sense of independence. †¢ Other important events include gaining more control over food choices, toy preferences, and clothing selection. †¢ Children who successfully complete this stage feel secure and confident, while those who do not are left with a sense of inadequacy and self-doubt. Psychosocial Stage 3 Initiative vs. Guilt †¢ During the preschool years, children begin to assert their power and control over the world through directing play and other social interaction. Children who are successful at this stage feel capable and able to lead others. Those who fail to acquire these skills are left with a sense of guilt, self-doubt and lack of initiative. 3 Psychosocial Stage 4 Industry vs. Inferiority †¢ This stage covers the early school years from approximately age 5 to 11. †¢ Through social interactions, children begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments and abilities. †¢ Children who are encouraged and commended by parents and teachers develop a feeling of competence and belief in their skills. We will write a custom essay sample on Ericksons Stages of Development specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ericksons Stages of Development specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ericksons Stages of Development specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Those who receive little or no encouragement from parents, teachers, or peers will doubt their ability to be successful. Psychosocial Stage 5 Identity vs. Confusion †¢ During adolescence, children are exploring their independence and developing a sense of self. †¢ Those who receive proper encouragement and reinforcement through personal exploration will emerge from this stage with a strong sense of self and a feeling of independence and control. Those who remain unsure of their beliefs and desires will insecure and confused about themselves and the future. Psychosocial Stage 6 Intimacy vs. Isolation †¢ This stage covers the period of early adulthood when people are exploring personal relationships. †¢ Erikson believed it was vital that people develop close, committed relationships with other people. Those who are successful at this step will develop relationships that are committed and secure. †¢ Remember that each step builds on skills learned in previous steps. Erikson believed that a strong sense of personal identity was important to developing intimate relationships. Studies have demonstrated that those with a poor sense of self tend to have less committed relationships and are more likely to suffer emotional isolation, loneliness, and depression. Psychosocial Stage 7 Generativity vs. Stagnation †¢ During adulthood, we continue to build our lives, focusing on our career and family. †¢ Those who are successful during this phase will feel that they are contributing to the world by being active in their home and community. Those who fail to attain this skill will feel unproductive and uninvolved in the world. Psychosocial Stage 8 Integrity vs. Despair †¢ This phase occurs during old age and is focused on reflecting back on life. †¢ Those who are unsuccessful during this phase will feel that their life has been wasted and will experience many regrets. The individual will be left with feelings of bitterness and despair. †¢ Those who feel proud of their accomplishments will feel a sense of integrity. Successfully completing this phase means looking back with few regrets and a general feeling of satisfaction. These individuals will attain wisdom, even when confronting death.

Gillian Clark And The Subject Matter Of Her Poetry Essays

Gillian Clark And The Subject Matter Of Her Poetry Essays Gillian Clark And The Subject Matter Of Her Poetry Gillian Clarke is obviously a poet of her locality - Wales, and she also writes in her poems of what it's like to be a woman. In this essay I intend to show whether or not her awareness of this affects the subject matter of her poetry. Gillian Clarke being a woman might affect the subject matter of her poetry, because in the poem: Letter from a far country, Gillian Clarke undoubtedly uses the idea of what its like to be a woman to get her point across. She says in her poem that basically women do great things but these are not always appreciated my males, because men do not see these tasks as being great. Clarke for instance obviously believes that the tasks she does at home are extremely important. I move in and of the hive all day, harvesting, ordering. Clarke obviously believes she brings order to a mess in her household, which is in her eyes a important task which is not always appreciated by men. Gillian Clarke being a woman might not affect the subject matter of her poetry because in the majority of her other poems she does not mention the theme of women. Indeed, except for Letter from a far country, and a slight theme which I feel significant in East Moors, Gillian Clarke does not mention the theme of women. So therefore one could say that Clarke being a woman does not overly affect the subject matter of her poetry. Gillian Clarke being Welsh may have a dramatic impact on the subject matter of her poetry. One example could basically be the title Miracle on St David's Day. Now I see this title as being significant because if Gillian Clarke was English she would not have written a poem entitled miracle on St David's Day. Also, Clarke's being Welsh might affect the subject matter of her poems because, in East Moors, she writes about how a steel works has shut down and how it has affected the community and how many people have lossed their jobs. For instance it is obvious that unemployment will be quite high, Clarke mentions Lethargy settles in front rooms and wives have lined up little jobs for men to do. Boredom is obviously a major problem after the community's biggest employer closed down and women have prepared tasks for the men. If Gillian Clarke was not Welsh she would not have written a poem of this nature. However one may argue that, Gillian Clarke being Welsh does not have a significance on the way she has written her poems. People could say that Gillian Clarke in fact only wrote East Moors, because it had a strong impact on her community, and if she had been say for instance a Newcastle native and a similar community tragedy had occurred she would also have written of it. Also if you think about it Gillian Clarke does not mention the fact that she is Welsh in the majority of her poems. However someone could say that although she does not use the theme of Wales in the majority of her poems she still uses some Welsh Language in them. For instance in Last Rites, where she writes of a young man being killed in a road accident, even though she does not say she is Welsh in the poem, she uses the word cariad, which shows that she being Welsh has a significance on her poetry. On conclusion, I would have to say that Gillian Clarke being Welsh and being a woman does have an affect on the subject matter of her poetry because in her most significant poems she uses the fact that she is a woman and that she is Welsh. If Gillian Clarke did not emphasise the fact that she is a woman then she would not have been able to write Letter from a far country, and if she was not emphasising the fact that she was Welsh she would not have written East Moors, or Miracle on St David's Day, which uses imagery of daffodils (the Welsh emblem) to the same affect.

Data Communication and Networking Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Data Communication and Networking - Term Paper Example The simplest goal to be achieved is the transfer of data. A computer network not only allows us for the faster means of data communication but it also helps in accessing programs, databases, and other software or tools that are distant from our approach. A simple network comprises of computers, network operating system software, cable (wiring) to connect the devices, network interface cards, switches and a router (Laudon, Laudon 299). Almost all the businesses nowadays use spreadsheets, word pads etc. to store their germane information which might also be needed by other departments of that companies and the interruption in transporting this information may cause some hindrances for the organization that might lead to ineffective and inefficient production. Connecting all the computers of that organization within and outside departments really helps a lot in increasing the competitive advantage of the organization as the data will be available on time. In addition, networking also helps in reducing the cost of saving work in different soft copies and hard copies since it allows the sharing of work. Networking is the buzz word these days. ...The data were stored on punch cards and they were the only source of transferring data from one computer to another. In 1960s multi-terminal mainframes were used which were pretty faster. Multiple users used to be connected through a single mainframe with a very good response time of the computers. This computing technique gave birth to the modern form of networking and the concepts of "client" and "server". "This model refers to the client-server relationship. The server is the one specialized powerful computer that provides the information that the client computers require. The client is the computer initiating the inquiry" (History of networking 1). Next, came the era of minicomputers.

United States v. Leon, 468 U.S. 897 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

United States v. Leon, 468 U.S. 897 - Case Study Example y afforded to law enforcement officers, and on the other a deviation from well-established rule against illegal searches and seizures diminishing a commonly accepted constitutional right. Cruikshank (1986) thus ascertains that â€Å"The inquiry no longer is whether the fourth amendment was violated but whether the deterrent effect of the exclusionary rule outweighs the potential cost of losing valuable evidence† (p. 417). There is now a shift from individual rights to the duties of police officers in establishing the correct application of the Constitution as determined by the judiciary. This is a far cry from the basic premise of any constitution as the fundamental law of the land. It must serve as a limitation on the powers of government and a reminder of the supremacy of the people. The inclusion of probable cause in the criterion for the issuance of a warrant was a definitive statement as to the powers that may be accorded in the proper disturbance of a person in his rights. The defense of good faith seems as an easy enough loophole to violate what I ardently believed to be a constitutional right despite how the Supreme Court ruled otherwise. Cruikshank, C. (1986). Dismantling the exclusionary rule: United States v. Leon and the courts of Washington-should good faith excuse bad acts? University of Puget Sound Law Review, 9. Retrieved from

Augusta and Ncwo Essay Example for Free

Augusta and Ncwo Essay This report analyses the case study about â€Å"Augusta National Golf Club and NCWO battle for admitting female membership†. Mainly, this report will examine and identify the communication traits and flaws that can be found in this case study and will provide solutions and what should be done rather than taking a stand on who is right and wrong. Therefore, all the communications between Augusta’s Chairman, Mr. Johnson, NCWO’s Chairwoman, Ms. Burk, the CEOs of Sponsor companies, the Augusta members and the media were researched and studied. Furthermore, this report mainly uses secondary data such as newspaper articles and journals to support the arguments and ideas. Moreover, the core purposes of this report is to evaluate the interactions and point out some communication management factors and flaws from this dispute, set it as an example and provide solutions to be improved in the future business communication. Main body Augusta, the private golf club Augusta is the private golf club which its culture and membership are mainly reflected on its prestige and exclusiveness. Moreover, members of Augusta join the club to satisfy mutual interests and to fulfil the social needs and the need for self-esteem such as being a part of the highly regarded golf club in the country. Because it is a private club, it holds its legal rights to choose its own members. (Peraino, 2002). Furthermore, the club clearly specified the club (team) norms (obligation, preference and prohibition) such as â€Å"members are required to sign an agreement not to speak about the club† and have to withhold the membership information to the outsiders. Saporito). Therefore, Augusta organizational control can be identified as a bureaucratic control system where the Chairman, Mr. Johnson has the ultimate power to dominate the club’s affairs. NCWO On the other hand, the NCWO’s sole purpose is to promote women rights and members join the committee to achieve security and satisfy their mutual interests. As you can see from the case, Ms. Burk, the chair of NCWO usually do the decision making for the committee. Although the decision making criteria are not formally discussed in the case or in the media (newspaper articles), we can assume that NCWO lacks the rational decision making process in groups such as orientation, discussion, decision making and implementation. Also, in his article Munching (2002) states that â€Å"she (Burk) forgot to ask herself one question: What women want to do? † which clarify the lack of communication between members of the group and its chair. The dispute The offensive approach and the vulgar feedback It can be seen in the case that without deeply analysing the situation, Ms. Burk took an offensive approach demanding and insisting on female membership, base mainly on the speech about â€Å"inclusion of women in Augusta† by Mr. Lloyd Ward. Moreover, Augusta’s Chair, Mr. Johnson also gave a vulgar feedback to this demand which sparks into a dispute of gender issue. Moreover, negative impressions between them were formed on limited information and stereotyping where Burk is seems as the trouble maker and Johnson as the rigid discriminator. Therefore, this miscommunication and poor transaction of messages led to unnecessary conflicts and egotism of the two corresponding Chairs. The Sponsors, members and Burk When the direct demand fails, Burk took the indirect persuasion and argumentation approach through the Augusta’s sponsors for its prime event, the Masters. She appealed to CEOs of sponsor companies like Citigroup, IBM, Coca-cola, Cadillac and CBS using generalisation and cause-effect relationship methods of arguments to boycott the Masters. For example, she praised their stance in gender discrimination within their firm and point out the possible public opinion in the involvement with the Masters. However, only Citigroup and Coca-cola agreed to help her and these decisions can be seen as corporate social responsibility to raise their public images. On the other hand, others remain neutral to avoid uncertainties involving in the dispute. Moreover, she turns to persuade the members of Augusta, who are highly regarded CEOs of the corporate world. However, with them she used the illegitimate methods of arguments such as appeal to the masses and â€Å"ad hominem† whereby she threatens them and their organization by claiming to reveal the membership list and the â€Å"daily anecdotes of gender discriminations in their (members’) companies†. (2005). For instance, it is noted in Peraino’s (2002) article that â€Å"she told Newsweek that â€Å"Weve already done quite a bit on the public-embarrassment front†Ã¢â‚¬ . In addition, she even tried to convince Tiger Wood not to participate in the Masters but he too was â€Å"criticized for suggesting that Augusta has a right to its exclusionary policies† (Gutner, 2002). Therefore, one can clearly see from the case study that Burk used many deductive logics and generalisations in influencing and communicating with the sponsors, the members and the players. Burk and Johnson From the start, Mr. Johnson strongly showed his assertiveness as well as his aggressiveness for his club and its membership rules. However, one can recognize the cognitive dissonances from Mr. Johnson’s feedbacks and replies where he imposed denials and unwillingness to change the traditional rules and culture. Moreover, this effect can also be found in Saporito’s article, as â€Å"he booted the Masters sponsorsCitigroup, Coca-Cola and IBMso the companies wouldnt face criticism by association† and adopted the commercial free move. In addition, Johnson and Burk took hold of some perceptual biases against each other and some of these are selective perception where both of them ignored each other’s rational reasons. Furthermore, stereotyping can clearly be seen between them where they posed each other as threats and arch enemies. Conclusion and results In conclusion, one can identify more communication flaws than the benefits in his case. This is mainly because the poor usage of appropriate communication features and the channels used to communicate, for example, Burk main communication channel with her advocates and opponents is through letters. Moreover, narcissism and egotism also got involved later in the dispute where both of the Chairs started to address and confront each other comments and feedback harshly rather than solving the dispute. (Munching, 2002). As a result, Johnson acquired victory by reasoning through generalization and analogy among private clubs and sororities claiming its legal rights to choose its own members. The dispute between Mr. Johnson (Augusta Golf Club) and Ms. Burk (NCWO) is very phenomenal in indicating miscommunications between two unfriendly organizations. As for the recommendations for this case, since the start, both parties should use more subtle and civil approaches to address the problem to each other and discuss in person how to compromise the situation. For example, Shiflett (2003) implies in his article that Augusta never meant to discriminate and it is only following its highly constructed social role as an all male-club. Moreover, they should utilize more â€Å"lateral thinking†, avoid what is right and wrong and conclude to the best possible solution. In addition, Burk should change her persuasion techniques towards more â€Å"features-benefits mix† and should drop her deductive logic on women rights and organizations. Furthermore, both of them should leave out their egotisms and stereotypical perceptions when dealing with the gender issue. On the other hand, while confronting with the members she should shows cause-effect relationships of their inaction and argues upon their specific reasoning. Munching, 2002). As for Mr. Johnson reactions, he should be more aware on the public images of the club and its members. Moreover, Augusta’s individual orientation of culture should swap with a more collective one where all stakeholders can give out their opinions. Last but not least, the channels used for communication in this case should be changed into more personal and face to face l ike personal meetings or through telephone. This was even suggested by Tiger Wood that â€Å"they’d sit down together and all would be resolved†. (Munching, 2002).

The Sun Also Rises :: Essays papers

The Sun Also Rises "This is the way the world ends. This is the way the world ends. This is the way the world ends. Not with a bang but a whimper." (T.S. Eliot, The Hollow Men) "†¦but a whimper.", Eliot was writing of the Lost Generation. The period after World War I were people were disillusioned, wandering through their life lost, not sure what their goal was. In Ernest Hemmingway's novel, The Sun Also Rises, the Lost Generation and their inability to cope with the change around them is the focus of the novel. The Sun Also Rises is a beautifully written account of a generation lost in an unknown cause that leaves them abandoned in the end. Hemmingway wrote this story in a unique fashion. The book is written with no apparent plot, that is, there are not twists, intrigue, or goals for the characters. The plot is simply the story itself. That is what Hemmingway wanted, he wanted the reader to read this story and recognize the loses and struggles the characters encounter through experiences they had. The Sun Also Rises takes place in France following the First World War. The main character and narrator is Jake Barnes a newspaper reporter and war veteran. His life corresponds directly to that of the Lost Generation, for he is the Lost Generation. Jake lives a very simple life, he gets up and eats, goes to work, goes out with someone for lunch, goes back to work, than goes out with friends to eat supper and drink the night away. Jake's life is very similar to all others of that time; he is not an exception. To prove this Hemmingway shows the bars and restaurants packed at night with people just like Jake and his friends. Jake's long time friend and once lover, Brent Ashley is a very beautiful and unruly woman. She makes her first appearance in the novel as she walks into a bar to meet Jake, she is followed by a group of gay men. This point is very crucial to the novel because it strikes a major point of conflict between Jake and Brett. Jake had suffered an injury in the war and was impotent because of it. Jake is self-conscious of this fact and was very upset when Brett walked in with men that were not impotent and yet failed to take advantage of it.

Patrick henry

Patrick Henry gave his speech he knew that not everyone would accept what he had to say. To me everyone should have the courage to stand up for what they believe in no matter how everyone else will view It. Patrick Henry gave this speech because he felt that they were not treated as equals and had the right to be treated equally. Everyone should be treated equally. In 1775 and In today's society all the government cares about Is power and money not the citizens of the united States, It's ore Like what the citizens of the united States can give them.In his speech he gave all the reasons why the government Is messed up and everything that they have done to their people. He did his research before standing up In front of the crowd and telling them what he found out and his pollen on the situation. When he stood up and talked he had no notes he spoke openly about what he believed In and why. I liked how passionate and fiery, he was with regards to the situation with Britain. Henry felt t hat Britain has done wrong, and British wanted to feel superior.That was my same viewpoint, it just seemed like the British did whatever they wanted, and never cared about the colonists. Like Patrick Henry had said we are more likely to look away or shut our eyes against the truth and listen to the song of the siren till she transforms us into beats! This is still going on today in 2014, we listen to the media and our friends and families instead of us developing our own opinions and standing p for what we believe in.Eventually everything that we listen to will turn us into beasts, everything that we listen to whether it be the media or anyone else they could be filling our head with false information. We don't know the truth we only know the truth that they want us to know. Patrick Henry and his followers weren't backing down they were standing up for their rights and for what they believed in. To me that is very inspiring and many more people should follow his example. Give me lib erty or give me death!

Essay on Certainty is Decartes Discourse of Method

Rene Descartes overall objective in publicizing Discourse of Method is to developing a new system of knowledge that is free of prior prejudices for establishing the truth of things. In Part 4 of the book he explains the philosophical basing (the meditations) for establishing the new system. These meditations were based on the epistemological theory of rationalism: that is if someone truly knows something then they could not possibly be mistaken. He goes on to provide solid argument for his ideas. In Meditations he comes to term with three certainties: the existence of the mind as the thing that thinks, the body as an extension, and God as the supreme being. He attests that he came to these conclusions†¦show more content†¦Besides, many of us, at one point in our lives, have wondered this very philosophical question: Am I dreaming? Yet, even now, most of us would claim that we are awake; however, while in a dream, on one actually believes that they are actually sleeping. Nevertheless, Decartes doesnt concretely prove that we are dreaming. He doesnt have to. Instead, he merely raises the point that, at any moment, we may be dreaming. Just by presenting this simple possibilty, Decartes successfully destroys all of our sensory beliefs. By proposing the Dream and Illusion theory Decartes is able to judge and maintain that all his former beliefs as false. Using doubt as a tool, he is able to clearly and distinctly perceive the idea of mind. The mind represented by I. Inorder to proof his idea of I did not represent the self as in physical appearances he proposes the following statement, Thus this, I, that is to say the soul through which I am what I am, is entirely distinct from the body and is even easier to know than the body, and event if there there were no boy at all, it would not cease to be all that it is (Cress, pg-19). Through this, he is able to reach the conclusion even though all things may be doubtful, the fact that we doubt is not doubtful. There is doubt, thinking; which is certain. It the doubt isShow MoreRelated The Role Of Language Essay2544 Words   |  11 Pages The Role of Language Can contemporary discourse presume a community of interest? In order to answer this question, one is forced to first answer the question, can language be used to reveal anything new? If the answer is yes, then how can it do this and how can we employ it to do this for us. Also, one is forced to ask what is it exactly that we are looking for? Once we’ve found it, how can we use it to improve our present condition? Plato and Descartes both believe that language can indeed improve