Everyday Use by Alice Walker - 825 Words

Everyday Use Heritage is what we receive from those that came before us. A person can learn about heritage through formal education; however, true heritage is passed down from generation through the stories, pictures, and other memorabilia that our parents and grandparents hold dear to their hearts. In the short story, Everyday Use, Alice Walker teaches us lessons on true inheritance; what it is and who can receive it. Two hand stitched quilts become the center of conflict in the story. They are also used to symbolize the true inheritance. Like a quilt, a persons world view is made up of events, circumstances and influences that shape how they see and respond to the world. Everyday Use is a story of two worlds in conflict. Mama, acting as the narrator, guides us through the interaction of the two very different worlds embodied in her daughters. How can two young women from the same rich inheritance of family, history and community be so different? Although the women are by no means rich according to the standard of the world, there are no hints of want in the circumstances that shape their lives. The source of conflict arises from within Dee. Whatever her family has to offer her is never enough. Dee, the eldest daughter, has ventured from the rural world she grew up in but never felt a part of. The story is set in the context of her returning home for the first time since she left for college. Maggie the younger daughter has never left home. Maggies quiet backwardShow MoreRelatedEveryday Use By Alice Walker852 Words   |  4 Pagescomes or belongs to one by reason of birth. In â€Å"Everyday Use†, by Alice Walker, the theme of the story can be considered as the meaning of heritage or even the power of education. Alice Walker uses many symbols and motifs such as the following: quilts, education, knowledge, Asalamalakim, and the renaming of Dee. In the story, African heritage and knowledge takes a major role. The African heritage plays a major role in the story, â€Å"Everyday Use†. Alice Walker emphasizes the meaning of heritage by havingRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1372 Words   |  6 PagesEverday Use† research paper In â€Å"everyday Use,† Alice Walker tells a narrative of a mother’s frustrating relationship together with her two daughters. At this facet, â€Å",Everyday Use†, tells that how a mom little by little refuses the cursory values of her older, successful daughter at the aspect of the useful values of her younger, much less lucky daughter. On a deeper outlook, Alice Walker takes on the theme of heritage and its norms as it applies to African-Americans. Everday Use, is set insideRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1102 Words   |  5 Pagespoem â€Å"Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers† can be read similar to Alice Walker s short story Everyday Use† both are compared by the women’s ways of showing their strengths and how they identify their values, expressions and strength. Advertised in the general outlines of the plot, both literary themes talks of a quest for freedom, the characters identity and self-expression. Adrienne Rich â€Å"Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers† Alice Walker â€Å"Everyday Use† Comparison Paper Analyzing the two types of literatureRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1372 Words   |  6 Pagessociety as a whole, but more specifically in the African American Community. Alice Walker gives slight insight into   what being forced   to assimilate is like. She says in her short story Everyday Use: She will stand hopelessly in corners homely and ashamed of the burn scars down her arms and legs eyeing her sister with a mixture of envy and awe. Statements such as these are a regular occurrence in her works. Walker often speaks on the ever so disheartening topic of cultural assimilation and theRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker996 Words   |  4 PagesIn the short story â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker, the author describes different ideas about one’s heritage. Culture and heritage is at the main point of the story â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker as symbolized by the quilt. The bond that Mother and Maggie share is brought by their common talent to make works of art like quilts. Dee does not have similar capacity because she does not appreciate manual labor nor believes in her heritage. The idea of pride in culture, heritage, and family is the mainRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1721 Words   |  7 PagesIn her short story â€Å"Everyday Use,† Alice Walker summarizes the representation of the beauty, the conflicts and struggles within African-American culture. â€Å"Everyday Use† focuses mainly between members of the Johnson family, consisting of a mother and her two daughters. One of the daughters Maggie, who was injured in a house fire and has living a shy life clinging to her mother for security. Her older sister is Dee, who grew up with a grace and natural beauty. â€Å"Dee is lighter than Maggie, with nicerRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1655 Words   |  7 PagesIn â€Å"everyday Use,† Alice Walker tells a narrative of a mother’s frustrating relationship together with her two dau ghters. At this facet, â€Å",Everyday Use†, tells that how a mom little by little refuses the cursory values of her older, successful daughter at the aspect of the useful values of her younger, much less lucky daughter. On a deeper outlook, Alice Walker takes on the theme of heritage and its norms as it applies to African-Americans. Everday Use, is set inside the late ,60s or mid ,70sRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1735 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker and â€Å"Brownies† by ZZ Packer are two different short stories with different lessons but both talk about the topic of race. Both stories talks about the time in the 20th century when slavery just ended but racism are still active between African Americans and Caucasians. Walker described a story about a single African American mother who is waiting for her daughter to arrive from college. Packer described a story about these African American fourth graders who are inRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1111 Words   |  5 Pagestheir culture. Alice Walker highlights and distinguishes the dissimilarities and clichà © of country African American women with the actualities that make up their lives. Characterized by short, compound sentences, with long adjectives and use of literary elements, her style is eloquent co nversational and authentic. Alice Walker’s short story, Everyday Use is stylistic, ironic and narrates profound interpretation of unique views and approaches to African-American culture. Walker’s use of characterizationRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1725 Words   |  7 Pages17 April 2017 Everything is Not What it Seems Sometimes people forget that heritage has to do with truly understanding their past. Many often misrepresent it, especially the younger generations who just accept its presence. Alice Walker’s short story, â€Å"Everyday Use,† revolves around an African American family that consists of three women, who are very different from each other. The story begins with Maggie and Mama waiting in the yard for Dee, the main character, to visit from Augusta. Dee is

Breastfeeding or Oral Sucrose Solution Free Essay Example, 500 words

ï » ¿ Breastfeeding or Oral Sucrose Solution Introduction The pain is the presence of mild, annoying or extremely severe feeling triggered in the nervous system. The individual may experience pain in a particular region of the body or he may suffer from whole body ache. The unpleasant feeling of pain implies that our body requires attention and may indicate medical problem that needs treatment. This sensation is very important to take care of our body and for our well being. Thus, pain is a crucial component of our body’s defense mechanism and prevents further damage to the body. Pain causes both physical and psychological disturbances. Pain perceived by each individual is different, therefore can be referred as subjective sensation. Pain sensation plays an important role in early warning to safeguard interests of our body as well as assist in repair mechanisms. Neonates are not able to express their pain effectively since they are not able to talk. Therefore, it becomes difficult to assess and manage the pain in neonates. The safet y and efficacy of pain management techniques is always worrisome issue for the health care professionals who care for neonates and parents of newborns (preterm to 1 month of age). We will write a custom essay sample on Breastfeeding or Oral Sucrose Solution or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now For the pain assessment in interm and preterm neonates, the diverse ranges of validated and trustworthy pain measures are available. The behavioral pain symptoms include facial expression, body movements, crying etc. and physiological signs of pain include changes in heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation etc. The composite measures include the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP), CRIES, and Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS). The PIPP includes facial expressions and physiological indicators. In CRIES assessment technique, Crying, the Requirement for oxygen supplementation (for SaO2 >95%), Increase in heart rate and blood pressure, facial Expression and Sleeplessness is monitored. In NIPS scale, the movements of arms and legs, and state of arousal are also additionally monitored in neonates (American Academy Of Pediatrics, 2000). Brief summaries There are multimodal approaches available which might help to relieve pain to produce adequate, reliable and satisfactory therapy in neonates. Breastfeeding or oral sucrose solution in term neonates receiving heel lances Heel lance is a painful diagnostic test for neonatal screening using automated piercing device to detect specific congenital disorders. The analgesic effect of breastfeeding and orally administered sucrose solution (1 ml of 25% sucrose solution) was studied during blood sampling through heel lance in open-label, randomized, controlled trial at a neonatal unit. Median Premature Infant Pain Profile scores were lower in the breastfeeding group (3.0) than in the sucrose-solution group (8.5), and the median group difference was –5.0. The median heart rate increase, oxygen saturation decrease, and duration of first cry for the breastfeeding group were, respectively, 13.0, –1, and 3 and for sucrose group were 22, –3, and 21. Medians were significantly different between the groups. There were no significant differences in the sampling duration and numbers of heel lances. It has been reported that during acute pain rating scale of the Premature Infant Pain Profile, the b reastfeeding group scores are less (3.0) than in the sucrose-solution group (8.5), with median group difference was –5.0. The increase in median heart rate, decrease oxygen saturation and duration of first cry for breastfeeding neonates 13.0, –1, and 3 and for sucrose therapy individuals were 22, –3, and 21 respectively. It has been concluded that for pain resulting from heel lance, the breastfeeding has great pain reduction power than oral sucrose therapy in term neonates (Codipietro, Ceccarelli, & Ponzone, 2008). Skin to skin contact is analgesic in healthy newborns The effect of skin-to-skin contact between mothers and their healthy newborns in terms of pain reduction during heel lance is evaluated. It has been found that crying and grimacing were reduced by 82% and 65%, respectively in skin contact intervention technique than control infants (swaddled in crib). Also, decrease in the heart rate was observed in skin contact intervention technique. Therefore, it has been concluded that skin to skin contact intervention technique has analgesic in healthy newborns (Gray, Watt, & Blass, 2000). The role of endogenous opioids in mediating pain reduction by orally administered glucose among newborns It has been suggested that the administration of sweet-tasting solutions like glucose before any painful procedure alleviates pain in newborns due to activation of endogenous opioids. To evaluate this mechanism the effect of intravenous administration of opioid antagonist (naloxone hydrochloride 0.01 mg/kg) was studied in randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blind trials undergoing heel stick. In control group saline solution was administered as placebo. Pain scores on Premature Infant Pain Profile and heart rate were same. The median crying time during the first 3 minutes was 14 seconds (range: 0–174 seconds) for the naloxone group and 105 seconds (range: 0–175 seconds) for the placebo group. It was concluded that opioid antagonist is not responsible for decrease in analgesic activity of glucose solution in newborns (Gradin & Schollin, 2005). Pain reduction at venipuncture in newborns: oral glucose compared with local anesthetic cream It has been suggested that the local anesthetic application of EMLA cream is safe and effective in neonates. The analgesic effect of EMLA cream and orally administered sucrose solution (1 ml of 25% sucrose solution) was studied during venipuncture in newborns in randomized, controlled double-blind trial at a neonatal unit. It was investigated that premature Infant Pain Profile scores were less in the glucose group 19.3% (mean: 4.6) compared with the EMLA group 41.7% (mean: 5.7). The median crying time during the first 3 minutes was 1 second than in the EMLA group where observed median was 18 seconds. Therefore, it was concluded that the pain associated with venipuncture in newborns is considerably reduced with orally administered glucose than the local anesthetic cream EMLA. Conclusion There is always a great concern about the safety and efficacy of pain management techniques in neonates. There are multimodal approaches available which might help to relieve pain to produce adequate, reliable and satisfactory therapy in neonates. The pain resulting from heel lance, the breastfeeding has great pain reduction power than oral sucrose therapy in term neonates. The skin to skin Contact intervention technique has analgesic in Healthy newborns. The opioid antagonist is not responsible for decrease in analgesic activity of glucose solution in newborns. The pain associated with venipuncture in newborns is considerably reduced with orally administered glucose than the local anesthetic cream EMLA. References American Academy Of Pediatrics (2000). Prevention And Management Of Pain And Stress In The Neonate. Pediatrics, 105(2), 454 – 461. Codipietro, L., Ceccarelli, M., Ponzone, A. (2008). Breastfeeding or Oral Sucrose Solution in Term Neonates Receiving Heel Lance: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Pediatrics, 122, e716-e721 Gray, L., Watt, L., Blass, E. M. (2000). Skin-to-skin contact is analgesic in healthy newborns. Pediatrics, 105 (1), e14 Gradin, M. and Schollin, J. (2005). The Role of Endogenous Opioids in Mediating Pain Reduction by Orally Administered Glucose Among Newborns. Pediatrics, 115(4), 1004 – 1007. Gradin, M., Eriksson, M., Holmqvist, G., Holstein, A., Schollin, J. Pain reduction at venipuncture in newborns: oral glucose compared with local anesthetic cream. Pediatrics, 110(6), 1053 – 1057.

Social And Social Identity Theory - 1860 Words

Originally proposed by Tajfel and Turner, the Social Identity Theory (SIT) can be described as the comparison between the individual self and the social self. More specifically, it is the individual’s perception that is derived from their membership of a social group (ingroups and outgroups) or personal identities. The theory is divided into three different psychological mechanisms: social categorization, social comparison, and the tendency for people to use the group membership as a source to gain self-esteem. A theory is defined as a theory as long as it meets the two requirements: describing behaviors and the ability to describe/see the future behaviors of individuals. Since the behaviors of individuals can be based on the social†¦show more content†¦Individuals tend to over exaggerate the differences between the outgroups and outgroups, while they exaggerate the similarities between the ingroups. The Social Identity Theory demonstrates reliability in that it provi des an explanation for intergroup behaviors such as stereotypes. The theory is demonstrated within the study of Sherif et al (1954). The study was carried out in order to observe the creation of groups, attitudes, and the norms of the groups through group activities. Sherif intended to observe the reactions and attitudes between the individuals when there are two separate groups (realistic conflict theory). The researchers had 22 boys with similar backgrounds and boys in the age group of 11-12 years old. Boys were divided into two separate groups before the experiment began and the researchers used single-blind study in that the boys did not realize that they were participating in an experiment; the boys were there to attend a summer camp. The two groups were divided and each group participated in team bonding activities and the boys had created their distinctive identity as members of the Eagles or members of the Rattlers. Researchers created a game in which only one group benefite d in order to create conflict between the two groups. Unlike the decent start in the beginning, the members of each group portrayedShow MoreRelatedIdentity Theory And Social Identity1228 Words   |  5 PagesIdentity theory traces its root in the writing of G.H Mead, the American philosopher, sociologist and psychologist who says that the image or the feeling that a person creates for him or herself in a particular society is the result of other’s vision, which is created daily and is subjected to change. Richard Jinkens, the sociologist describes that social identity means who we are and who the others are and on the other hand what the other thinks about themselves and others. Further, Mead elaboratesRead MoreSocial Identity Theory861 Words   |  3 PagesSocial identity theory, it is a person’s sense that is based around the group they are in, either by their personal identity or with different kinds of social identities. That is, people will try to improve their own image of themselves. The theory was proposed by Henri Tajfel. People can increase their self-esteem by both their own achievement and interaction with a successful group of people. This shows the importance of social belonging. This theory is based around three mental processes, socialRead MoreSocial Identity Theory1399 Words   |  6 PagesSocial  identity  theory  is a  theory  which is intended to explain how people develop a sense of belonging and membership in particular groups, and how the workings of intergroup  discrimination  work. Social identity  theory  plays an important role in the study of  social psychology. To some degree, everyone is influenced by social identity theory. Social Identity Theory tries to explain such intergroup discrimination in the real world as well as in the circumstance of the minimal groups. The theoryRead MoreSocial Identity Theory And Social Interaction Theory Essay1907 Words   |  8 PagesSocial Identity Theory In 1979, Tajfel and Turner are recognized for the development of social identity theory (SIT) (Tajfel Turner, 1979). Through earlier studies, Tajfel attempted to understand mechanisms that lead to group members to discriminate against non-group members, which lead to evolution of SIT (Hogg, van Knippenberg, Rast, 2012). The Tajfel and Turner developed SIT with the purpose of understanding social group discrimination (Tajfel Turner, 1979). SIT is based on three concepts:Read MoreSocial Conflict Theory : Social Identity Theory And Conflict1410 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Identity Theory and Conflict Theoretically significant to conflict is social identity theory. It allows â€Å"predictions to incorporate who is likely to perceive and act in group terms, to remain committed to the group in times of crisis† Turner (1999), Doosje Ellemers, (1999). Bar-Tal stresses conflict exists when an incompatible goal exists between two groups. The question of when incompatibility sets become important in understanding the cause of inter-ethnic or communal conflicts for instanceRead MoreAssignment On Social Identity Theory Essay1158 Words   |  5 Pages TATA INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES MUMBAI GROUP WORK ASSIGNMENT ON SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY Submitted to: Professor Vijay Raman Enrollment No.: M2015CF026 SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY The Social Identity Theory was developed by Tajfel and Turner in 1979. The theory was originally developed to understand the psychological basis of intergroup discrimination. Tajfel in 1971 attempted to identify the  minimal  conditions that would lead members of one group to discriminate in favour of the in groupRead MoreLimitations Of Social Identity Theory1673 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Social identity theory proposed by Tajfel Turner (2004) is a theory of group membership and behaviour which has made significant contributions in explaining in-group favouritism, out-group denigration, competition and other interactions of an individual among social groups (Korte, 2007; Brown, 2000; Tajfel Turner, 2004). Social identity theory can be defined as an individual’s sense of who they are based on the group that they belong to through a process of self-categorisation andRead MoreOutline Of Social Identity Theory1278 Words   |  6 PagesOutline social identity theory and with reference to recent research critically evaluate the strategies individuals or groups might use to achieve a positive social identity. Social Identity Theory (SIT) is a relational term, defining who we are as a function of our similarities and differences with others. It is shared with others and provides a basis for shared social action and the meanings associated with any social identity are products of our collective history and present. Therefore Social identityRead MoreNotes On Social Identity Theory1191 Words   |  5 PagesContextualizing BIRG: Social Identity Theory SIT (Tajfel et al., 1971; Tajfel Turner, 1979) has been explained briefly in the Introduction, which provided an overview on the nature of its construction (Galang et al., 2015) and its implications on ingroup inclusion, intergroup behavior, and self-esteem (Brewer Yuki, 2007). This theory is further discussed here, particularly its conception of group identification and esteem, to give context to BIRG and the framework of analysis that will be usedRead MoreConsequences of Social Categorization and Social Identity Theories1929 Words   |  8 Pages Consequences of Social Categorization and Social Identity Theories Vernon Smith BA426 Managing Cultural Diversity vsmith003@regis.edu Consequences of Social Categorization and Social Identity Theories Introduction In the modern world, workforce diversity has developed to be among the most imperative elements. Many organizations including Apple Inc. and all over the world have employed diversity managers to help develop effective workforce diversification (Podsiadlowski et al., 2013). The

Perversion Essay Example For Students

Perversion Essay Dermott OFlanaganSexual Ethics PaperThe issues of sexual ethics in relation to morality and perversion have been addressed in depth by each of the gentleman at this table. Sexual activity as described by Solomon and Nagle is comprised of a moral standard and naturalness aspect. So, in claiming an act is perverted we must first examine it through a moral framework and understand how this interacts with the naturalness of a particular act. Solomon makes the distinction as follows Perversion is an insidious conceptTo describe an activity as perverse is not yet a full blown moral condemnation, for it need not entail that one ought not to indulge in such activities. Along with the examination of the nature of an act, there must be clear justification as to why sexual acts deserve special separate ethical principles. The question arises: does an act simply due to its sexual nature deserve a separate form of moral inquisition than other acts that occur in nature? In this essay I shall argue that perversion and immorality are not mutually exclusive. By this I mean that a sexual act that is, by my definition, immoral must also be perverted. It is also my contention that if an act is perverted we must also define it as immoral. This second part of the argument is contrary to what many of you have claimed. At the outset of this paper I would also like to state my support of Thomas Nagels argument holding that the connection between sex and reproduction has no bearing on sexual perversion. (Nagel 105)I will begin first with the idea that sexual behavior should not be granted its own moral code. Sexual ethics only makes sense if sexuality plays a unique role in human life. If procreation has significance precisely because it is a contribution to Gods ongoing work of creation, sexuality is supremely important and must be governed by restrictive rules, which would therefore prohibit sexual acts that are not for procreative purposes. This justification of sexuality as a unique aspect of human life, however, is dependent on a theological claim that there exists a God who micro manages the sexual lives of individuals. Without the presence of such a God, there can exist no separate restrictive rules on the nature of sexual acts. Even if we grant that there is a God, most people will agree that sex is more often used as a way to intensify the bond between two people and therefor sex is the ultimate trust and intimacy that you can share with a person. The church defines perverse acts as sexual behaviors that are not both unitive and procreative. This theological argument exemplifies a profound disregard for the realities of human life. Our starting point will be that human sexuality has its own natural purposes, its own nature, apart from any further purposes attributed to our creator, and apart from any biological function of increasing the numbers of an already too numerous natural kind. (Solomon 271) In a similar light to Solomon, I feel the church is unju stified in claiming that acts are perverted if they are contrary to the churches teachings which are founded on the natural law, illuminated and enriched by divine revelation. (Pope Paul VI 168) Not only does this claim not qualify as an argument from reason, it is simultaneously unenlightening to those who do not believe in God the Creator. In Kants essay Duties Towards the Body in Respect of Sexual Impulse he supports the opinion that sexual love by itself is nothing more than an appetite it is a degradation of human nature; for as soon as a person becomes an object of appetite for another, all motives of moral relationship cease to function. In believe that this conclusion is not necessarily valid and that the use of sexual activity for moral purposes and desire fulfillment is a maxim that can be universalized. Sexual pleasure is a sought after result of sex as it fulfills basic needs of touch and intimacy (Nozick). In some sense Kant is right that when sexual love is combined wi th human love the experience is more fulfilling to both individuals but this is not necessarily lead to a conclusion that without the bond of human love sex is perverse. I do agree with Kant that sexual relations are in fact a part of a human appetite. A sexual perversion according to Nagel must reveal itself in conduct that expresses an unnatural sexual preference. (Nagel 105) Sexual desire however is simply one of the appetites that the majority of animals possess. As such I contend that the significance of sexual activity is little different from the need to satisfy other desires that we encounter including Mills higher and lower desires. Since humans and animals share the same lower level desires for food, shelter and sex, no separate human sexual ethical values should be conceived. Behaviors such as eating and breathing all arise from the needs of the body. The desire for sexual pleasure is little different from the desire for food; sexual behavior is to be constrained by moral principles that apply to behavior in general. The ethics of sex is no more important than the ethics of anything else. An appetite is identified as sexual by means of the organs and erogenous zones in which its satisfaction can be to some extent localiz ed, and the special sensory pleasures that form the core of the satisfaction. (Nagel 106) Therefore any act that produces sexual pleasure can not be called unnatural. We can use our sexuality in creative, consensual, safe, and loving ways, or in destructive, coercive, unsafe, and unloving ones. If it is creative, consensual, safe, and loving, then it is moral. If it is destructive, coercive, unsafe, or unloving, then it is immoral. Most counter arguments against sex as an appetite arise from the idea that sexual relations are a special form of bonding and interaction. Although society seems to have endorsed this claim, and as such looks disrespectfully on those with numerous sexual partners, it is a cultural creation with no moral basis. In an analysis of sexual behavior it is difficult to separate the emotional bond from the physical act. One view holds that sex should be separated from love and affection. Sex is basically an intensive, exciting sensuous activity that can be enjoye d in a variety of suitable settings with a variety of suitable partners. The situation in regard to sexual pleasure is no different from that of the person who knows and appreciates fine food. (Wasserstrom 163) All morality deals with is the act or intention of the act and as such this unique bond that appears to be created through a sexual relationship is irrelevant to the morality of sexual behavior. Holy Trinity and Trimurti EssayHomosexual relations are no more or less open to being perverted than heterosexual sexual activity. Indeed the Golden Rule as I have interpreted it for matters of sexual activity clearly show that the sole fact that the sex is non-procreative is not a signal of perversion. Homosexual actions are not moral or immoral, natural or unnatural based on their sexual nature, rather this judgement is based on the consent and pleasure that arise from the activity. As long as the sexual activity is an expression of trust and intimacy it is not perverted or immoral. The case of incest, that was described, is again an example, of how as long as the act is consented by rational beings capable of making autonomous decisions it may not be scrutinized as perverted. If the two agents the 45 year old woman and 22 year old son believe that their activity is an expression of their intimacy we can not condemn it due to social perceptions or the ugh factor that it evokes in us. The act of incest does not violate any human rights and as such is not a matter of concern in the realm of perversion. Adultery, in my view, violates both the Golden Rule and some basic human rights. I think that adultery is a clear violation of the Kantian maxim that we can not deceive. In Wasserstroms work on adultery he states the immortality of adultery focuses on the connection between adultery and deception. According to this argument, adultery involves deception. And because deception is wrong, so is adultery. (Wasserstrom 160) This very Kantian formulation of a maxim makes it seemingly impossible to find a moral justification of adultery. Even passive adultery is a form of deception and as such commits the non-adulterating partner to a false relationship. It is unreasonable to think that simply not knowing of the offence is a defense against perversion. As it is impossible to universalize the maxim that we all have adultery committed in relationships in which we are inv olved adultery is a very serious form of perversion and consequently is immoral. In conclusion I will turn to Freuds appeal that sexual ethics is the core of moral personality: how we perceive and behave toward sexual partners both influences and is a mirror image of how we perceive and interact with people more generally. Freud claims that sexual desire is simply an appetite that needs to be quenched through any means. Further, a fuller knowledge of sexual practices provides a more complete foundation for actingmorally or immorallyin the world. However the failure to learn to control the pursuit of sexual pleasure undermines the achievement of a virtuous character and leads to acts that are perverted and immoral (Soble). In this way the exploration of various sexual activities is a learning curve that all humans should explore. The avoidance of perverse actions can be achieved through the application of the Golden Rule in association with the consent of a rational being; these are the preconditions required for sexual activity to be natural and moral. Works Consulted Outside of Class Resources:Nozick, Robert. Sexualityhttp://faculty.uccb.ns.ca/philosophy/205/nozick.htmSoble, Alan. Philosophy of Sexualityhttp://www.utm.edu/research/iep/s/sexuality.htm